Valorization of the use of industrial and construction by-products in full-depth reclamation under normal and freeze-cycle conditions

The use of reclaimed concrete and steel slag as a replacement for virgin aggregates in the mechanical stabilization of full-depth reclamation was investigated. Three blends were manufactured with these materials and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). For compaction, the Proctor modified test was used. The blend containing the steel slag has the highest maximum dry density, and the optimum water content of the blends increases with increasing RAP content. For load-bearing capacity, the California bearing ratio (CBR) test was used under unsoaked, soaked, and freeze–thaw cycle-soaked conditions. For all conditions, the CBR values tend to increase as RAP content decreases. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of components and conditionings. Analyses suggest that soaked conditions, with and without freeze–thaw cycles, have little or no effect on the CBR values of mixes with recycled concrete and steel slag. The findings highlight the potential of incorporating these by-products into full-depth reclamation.