Numerical study on electrohydrodynamic conduction phenomena in a square cavity with asymmetric electrodes

In this work, a Lattice Boltzmann (LB) method is developed to simulate electrohydrodynamics (EHD) under the conduction phenomenon in a square cavity with vertically asymmetric electrodes, focusing on the effects of applied voltage and electrode position on the resulting charge distribution and vortex structures. The results reveal that the applied voltage, ranging from 0.5[Formula: see text]kV to 5.0[Formula: see text]kV, and the vertical position of the electrode are key control parameters, strongly affecting these flow and charge patterns. Increasing the voltage induces a transition from the Ohmic to the saturation state, transforming the flow from a simple vortex to a complex multi-vortex pattern. Meanwhile, the electrode’s vertical placement directly relocates the charge region, fundamentally altering the flow structure and intensity.