Fredkin Gate-Based Feed-Forward Arbiter PUF for Secure Device Authentication

Hardware security plays a crucial role in safeguarding sensitive information in IoT-enabled systems. Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) provide an effective solution for secure and reliable device authentication. This paper describes the design, implementation and evaluation of the Fredkin Gate (FRG)-based Feed-forward Arbiter Physically Unclonable Function (PUF). The proposed design is implemented and tested using a 28[Formula: see text]nm Artix-7 FPGA. The uniformity and uniqueness of the proposed design are 49.37% and 48.32%, respectively. This proposed design is compared against the conventional feed-forward Arbiter PUF. The comparison shows that there is an increase of 0.65% uniformity and 2.72% uniqueness in the proposed design. The reliability, BER and KER for the proposed design are 84.25%, 12.75% and 0.99665, respectively. The NIST tests were carried out using NIST SP 800-22 to evaluate the randomness. Finally, an ANN-based ML attack was carried out on the proposed design and the prediction accuracy is 60% as against 68% for the conventional design.