An EMT Micromechanical Study for Dynamics of Spinning FG Cones Reinforced with Carbon Fibers and GPLs

This study examines the dynamic and free-vibration behavior of rotating conical shells fabricated from a multi-scale hybrid nanocomposite composed of an epoxy matrix reinforced with carbon fibers (CFs) and graphene platelets (GPLs). The Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka micromechanics model is employed to account for complete and partial GPL agglomeration, while the governing equations are derived using two-dimensional axisymmetric elasticity and a potential energy-based finite element approach. Dynamic simulations under rotational motion and internal shock loading are carried out using the Newmark integration scheme. The results reveal that minimizing GPL agglomeration significantly enhances stiffness and vibrational resistance, whereas the specific GPL distribution pattern has little effect on natural frequencies. CF reinforcement improves mechanical properties up to a critical volume fraction, beyond which additional CF content diminishes vibrational performance. Furthermore, geometric parameters, particularly the semi-vertex angle and length-to-base-radius ratio, are shown to reduce natural frequencies, with the semi-vertex angle exerting the stronger influence.