Preparation of Ag-deposited BaTiO 3 Coatings: Antibacterial and Mineralization Performances

A major cause of clinical failure for Ti alloys employed as biomaterials lies in their lack of antimicrobial activity and failure to achieve effective osseointegration. To address these two critical limitations, this work integrates antibacterial silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with piezoelectric BaTiO 3 (BTO) coatings, aiming to simultaneously overcome both deficiencies. The Ag-BTO coatings were fabricated via a combined anodic oxidation-hydrothermal method. By leveraging the biomimetic piezoelectric properties of BTO and the controllable antibacterial activity of Ag NPs, this strategy not only ensures long-term antimicrobial performance but also promotes mineralization through the piezoelectric effect. Experimental results demonstrate that the Ag-BTO coatings exhibit robust antimicrobial efficacy; notably, ultrasonic treatment further enhances their capacity to induce hydroxyapatite deposition. Specifically, the antibacterial rates against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) reach 87.38% and 99.27%, respectively. Overall, this surface modification approach provides a practical solution to enable the stable and successful clinical application of titanium-based bone implants.