Uncovering the Bone-Protective Potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum Microgreens Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinase-3: An Integrated Network Analysis, In Silico Drug Discovery and Density Functional Theory Approaches

Trigonella foenum-graecum, commonly referred to as fenugreek, has a long history in medicine and as a condiment in food. However, there is no extensive research on fenugreek microgreens, particularly targeting diseases associated with the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Network pharmacology analysis revealed that MMP3 interacts extensively with numerous MMPs, TIMPs, ADAMTS proteases, and ECM-associated proteins, highlighting its critical regulatory function in matrix remodeling in the treatment of various bone diseases. In this research, myricetin, resveratrol, quercetin, and 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D myo-inositol were identified as the primary metabolites, with docking scores of −9.803, −8.808, −8.625, and −8.507 kcal/mol and had good interactions with MMP-3. In the binding stability assessment, the complex, myricetin-MMP-3 had a lower root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) range (