Dynamic Content Moderation in Livestreams: Combining Supervised Classification with MLLM-Boosted Similarity Matching

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Authors: Wei Chee Yew, Hailun Xu, Sanjay Kumar Saha, Xiaotian Fan, Hiok Hian Ong, David Yuchen Wang, Kanchan Sarkar, Zhenheng Yang, Danhui Guan
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Abstract

Content moderation remains a critical yet challenging task for large-scale user-generated video platforms, especially in livestreaming environments where moderation must be timely, multimodal, and robust to evolving forms of unwanted content. We present a hybrid moderation framework deployed at production scale that combines supervised classification for known violations with reference-based similarity matching for novel or subtle cases. This hybrid design enables robust detection of both explicit violations and novel edge cases that evade traditional classifiers. Multimodal inputs (text, audio, visual) are processed through both pipelines, with a multimodal large language model (MLLM) distilling knowledge into each to boost accuracy while keeping inference lightweight. In production, the classification pipeline achieves 67% recall at 80% precision, and the similarity pipeline achieves 76% recall at 80% precision. Large-scale A/B tests show a 6-8% reduction in user views of unwanted livestreams}. These results demonstrate a scalable and adaptable approach to multimodal content governance, capable of addressing both explicit violations and emerging adversarial behaviors.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis

Publication details

Pages
2528–2538
Publication date
20 April 2026