SRL Proxemics: Spatial Guidelines for Supernumerary Robotic Limbs in Near-Body Interactions

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Authors: Hongyu Zhou, Chia-An Fan, Yihao Dong, Shuto Takashita, Masahiko İnami, Zhanna Sarsenbayeva, Anusha Indrajith Withana
Cited by: 1
References: 142

Abstract

Wearable supernumerary robotic limbs (SRLs) sit at the intersection of human augmentation and embodied AI, promising to function as extensions of the human body. However, their movements within the intimate near-body space raise unresolved challenges for perceived safety, user control, and trust. In this paper, we present results from a Wizard-of-Oz study (n=18), where participants completed near-body collaboration tasks with SRLs to explore these challenges. We collected qualitative data through think-aloud protocols and semi-structured interviews, complemented by physiological signals and post-task ratings. Findings indicate that greater autonomy did not inherently enhance perceived safety or trust. Instead, participants identified near-body zones and paired them with clear coordination rules. They also expressed expectations for how different arm components should behave, shaping preferences around autonomy, perceived safety, and trust. Building on these insights, we introduce SRL Proxemics, a zone- and segment-level design framework showing that autonomy is not monolithic: perceived safety hinges on spatially calibrated, legible behaviors, not on autonomy level alone.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Social Robot Interaction and HRI Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts

Publication details

Journal / source
Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Publisher
ACM
Pages
1–21
Publication date
13 April 2026