Reconfigurable Quantum Instruction Set Computers for High Performance Attainable on Hardware

Despite remarkable milestones in quantum computing, the performance of current quantum hardware remains limited. One critical path to higher performance is to expand the quantum ISA with basis gates that have higher fidelity and greater synthesis capabilities than the standard CNOT. However, this substantially increases gate calibration overhead and introduces challenges in compiler optimization. Consequently, although more expressive ISAs (even complex, continuous gate sets) have been proposed, they still remain primarily proofs-of-concept and have not been widely adopted.