A Multi-Year Survey of Use and Perceptions of Generative AI in Higher Education

Generative AI (gen AI) tools are rapidly reshaping higher education, influencing research, teaching, learning, and administrative work. This study investigates when, how, and why gen AI is used and not used in a research-intensive university. We conducted in-depth surveys with faculty and staff in mid-2024 (n=102) and mid-2025 (n=101) to capture evolving adoption and perception. Across both years, over 90% of respondents reported intentional use of gen AI, though some described unintentional use or intentional non-use. The most frequently mentioned tools included ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, Claude, and Adobe Firefly.