Towards Experience Replay for Class-Incremental Learning in Fully-Binary Networks

Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) are a promising approach to enable Artificial Neural Network (ANN) implementation on ultra-low power edge devices. Such devices may compute data in highly dynamic environments, in which the classes targeted for inference can evolve or even novel classes may appear, requiring continual learning. Class Incremental Learning (CIL) is an important type of continual learning for classification problems, yet it has been scarcely addressed in the context of BNNs. Furthermore, most of existing BNNs models are not fully binary, as they require several real-valued network layers, at the input, the output, and for batch normalization. This article goes a step further, enabling class incremental learning in Fully-Binarized NNs (FBNNs) through four main contributions. We firstly revisit the FBNN design and its training procedure that is suitable to CIL. Secondly, we explore loss balancing, a method to tradeoff the performance of past and current classes. Thirdly, we propose a semi-supervised method to pre-train the feature extractor of the FBNN for transferable representations. Fourthly, two conventional CIL methods, i . e ., Latent and Native replay, are thoroughly compared. These contributions are exemplified first on the CIFAR100 dataset, before being scaled up to the CORE50 continual learning benchmark. The final results based on our 3Mb FBNN on CORE50 , exhibit performance that is at par with, or better than conventional, larger, real-valued NN models.