GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and their combination: effects on carotid atherosclerosis regression, oxidative stress, and amyloid-β1–40 in diabetes

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2026 Open access

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Authors: Ignatios Ikonomidis, Anastasios Papageorgiou, George Pavlidis, G G Georgiopoulos, Konstantinos Katogiannis, Eirini Maratou, John Thymis, Loukia Pliouta, Aikaterini Kountouri, Emmanouil Korakas, Gabriella Kostelli, John Parissis
+3 more Panagiota Efstathia Nikolaou, I. Andreadou, Vaia Lambadiari
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00996.2025
Cited by: 1
References: 50

Abstract

We investigated the effect of insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), and their combination on carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and amyloid-β1-40 (Aβ1-40) in diabetes. Twelve-month treatment with GLP-1RA, SGLT-2i, and their combination confers significant reductions in cIMT and Aβ1-40 compared with insulin. cIMT regression was associated with Aβ1-40 and malondialdehyde reductions. Our findings support that newer antidiabetic agents can favorably modify structural and biochemical markers of atherosclerosis.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Diabetes Treatment and Management Diabetes Cardiovascular Risks and Lipoproteins Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention

Publication details

Journal / source
American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Volume
330
Issue
2
Pages
H610–H619
Publication date
24 January 2026
Language
EN