Partially countering the physiological effects of fentanyl with naloxone or d -cysteine ethyl ester in adult goats

Journal of Applied Physiology 2026 Open access

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Authors: Reiauna Taylor, Suzanne E. Neumueller, John DeSalvo, Grace Hilbert, Ilya Bederman, Stephen J. Lewis, Lawrence Pan, Hubert Vincent Forster, Matthew Robert Hodges
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00116.2026
Cited by: 1
References: 43

Abstract

Here we determined whether any of the deleterious physiological effects of high-dose fentanyl could be countered by naloxone and/or d-cysteine ethyl ester (d-CYSee) in adult goats. Fentanyl induced hypoventilation and sustained increases in respiratory and airway muscle activity and hypoxemia. Naloxone reversed all fentanyl effects except tonic muscle activation, and d-CYSee reversed fentanyl-induced hypoventilation. These data suggest some effects of fentanyl are naloxone-insensitive and that d-CYSee may be a valuable countermeasure for OIRD.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis Opioid Use Disorder Treatment

Publication details

Journal / source
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Volume
141
Issue
2
Pages
689–701
Publication date
22 July 2026
Language
EN