Systemic vascular and organ functions in transgender women receiving feminizing hormone therapy
Abstract
The primary finding of the present study is that transgender women demonstrate similar macrovascular and microvascular function as well as renal and hepatic function to cisgender women. Regardless of marked differences in circulating sex hormone profiles, no evidence of vascular dysfunction or organ impairment was observed in transgender women. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure to an estrogen-dominant hormonal milieu is sufficient to induce a female-typical physiological phenotype across multiple organ systems.
Fields of Study & Subjects
LGBTQ Health
Identity
and Policy
Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
Sex and Gender in Healthcare
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Volume
- 141
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29–37
- Publication date
- 4 June 2026
- Language
- EN