Noradrenergic input to hypoglossal motoneurons is mediated by interneurons located in prehypoglossal region
Abstract
PHR interneurons that transmit noradrenergic drive to hypoglossal motoneurons are located just rostral to the hypoglossal nucleus. Under isoflurane anesthesia, phenylephrine-induced excitation of PHR interneurons induced a fivefold increase in the amplitude of spontaneous genioglossus (GG) muscle activity as compared with limited GG muscle responses from the hypoglossal nucleus. Ketamine/xylazine anesthesia blunted the phenylephrine-PHR-elicited GG muscle excitation, which suggests an involvement of NMDA receptors in the control of GG muscle by PHR circuitry.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 885–898
- Publication date
- 9 February 2026
- Language
- EN