Exogenous ketosis does not alter oxygenation, oxygen uptake kinetics, or whole-body efficiency during submaximal exercise in early high-altitude acclimatization
Abstract
This study demonstrates that intermittent exogenous ketosis does not alter the high-altitude slowing of the primary phase of V̇o 2 kinetics during the transition to heavy-intensity exercise, nor does it change ventilatory, gas exchange, blood or tissue oxygenation responses, or whole-body efficiency across 3 days at 3,375 m. However, preexercise ketone monoester ingestion increased cardiac output during moderate-intensity exercise on arrival to 3,375 m and after 24 h, but this did not translate to broader physiological benefits.
Fields of Study & Subjects
High Altitude and Hypoxia
Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Sports Performance and Training
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1251–1264
- Publication date
- 4 April 2026
- Language
- EN