Polymers and Bioactive Molecules: Wound Dressings Fighting Against Resistant Bacterial Infections

Disruptions in the skin restoration process can impair wound healing and lead to severe clinical complications, particularly in environments prone to microbial colonization and biofilm formation. Modern wound dressings are, therefore, designed not only to restore tissue integrity but also to actively modulate the wound microenvironment and mitigate infections caused by multidrug‐resistant microorganisms. In this context, polymeric matrices play a fundamental role by providing structural support, moisture regulation, and controlled delivery capabilities that guide cellular responses and tissue regeneration. Recent advances have focused on integrating naturally derived bioactive agents, such as stem cell‐derived components, vitamins, growth factors, and phytochemicals, into polymer‐based systems to enhance their therapeutic performance due to their effectiveness depending strongly on the protective and regulatory functions of the polymeric carrier. Polymeric platforms enable stabilization, sustained release, and targeted activity of these molecules, thereby improving their bioavailability and functional impact within the wound site. This review examines the wound healing process from a polymer engineering perspective and discusses emerging strategies for incorporating natural and bioactive molecules into polymeric wound dressings to address the dual challenge of tissue regeneration and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Emphasis is placed on how polymer properties govern therapeutic outcomes. Finally, we outline current advantages, limitations, and future directions in the design of advanced polymer‐based wound dressings capable of enhancing healing while combating resistant microbial infections.