Effect of Varicocelectomy on Testicular Volume and Testosterone Hormone in Teen and Young Adults With Varicocele: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Introduction Varicocele is the most prevalent surgically reversible cause of male infertility. This study aims to evaluate the impact of varicocelectomy on testicular volume and testosterone hormone levels in varicocele patients. Material and Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted. The databases searched included PubMed, EbscoHost, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Included studies are clinical trials on adolescents and adult patients with varicocele with various varicocelectomy interventions, comparing undergoing varicocelectomy that compared testicular volume and testosterone levels between preoperative and postoperative. All studies were evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, and data synthesis was performed with Review Manager 5.3. Result Among 516 studies in the initial search, 11 cohort studies were included, representing the analysis of 881 teen and adolescent patients across the globe. Our analysis using a random‐effects model revealed to be associated with improvements in the testosterone level with a mean difference of 87.38 ng/dL (95% CI: 35.71–139.05, p < 0.00001, I 2 = 96%) and testicular volume with a mean difference of 3.48 mL (95% CI: 1.74–5.22, p < 0.00001, I 2 = 95%). Conclusion Varicocelectomy significantly improves both serum testosterone levels and testicular volume in patients with varicocele.