A Systematic Review on Manufacturing and Assembly of a PEMFC Stack

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are clean energy options with great potential to displace energy sources that rely on fossil fuels. Despite their exceptional qualities, the global market penetration of PEMFCs is hindered by various obstacles. The three main concerns that persist to this day with PEMFCs are their performance, cost, and durability. Manufacturing technologies play a critical role in overcoming these challenges and advancing PEMFC commercialization. Currently, many studies are being carried out to address PEMFCs’ drawbacks in the production setting. This review has systematically compiled the materials and manufacturing techniques utilized in the PEMFC stack assembly to aid in the endeavor. In this regard, the review has provided details on the bipolar plates, the gas diffusion layers (GDLs), the catalyst layers (CLs), the membrane, the current collectors, the endplates, and their cell and stack assembling techniques. Additionally, the most recent noteworthy advancements are detailed alongside the latest remarkable signs of progress and the challenges that can contribute to expanding developments in the area. Besides, the review’s breadth is carefully crafted to provide students and new researchers with a thorough understanding of PEMFC principles, components, materials, and production techniques.