Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Eye Complications and Fundus Examinations Among People With Diabetes Mellitus

Aim Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding eye complications and fundus examinations among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is essential for early detection and prevention. This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the KAP toward eye complications and fundus examinations among DM patients. Methods Participants were recruited from Zhabei Central Hospital, Jing’an District, Shanghai, between August 1, 2023, and January 15, 2024. Demographic data and KAP were collected using validated questionnaires. Results A total of 476 questionnaires (243 females; mean age: 65.6 ± 11.1 years) were analyzed. Among the participants, 40.1% had a diabetes duration of more than 10 years, and 95.8% were receiving diabetes treatment. The mean KAP scores were 6.2 ± 2.18 (range: 0–12) for knowledge, 24.75 ± 2.25 (range: 7–35) for attitude, and 8.93 ± 4.34 (range: 4–20) for practice. Only 14.7% demonstrated adequate knowledge, 51.7% had a positive attitude, and 12.0% exhibited proactive practice. Structural equation modeling showed that knowledge positively influenced attitude but had a negative direct effect on practice, while exerting a positive indirect effect on practice through attitude, indicating a suppressing mediating effect. Conclusions DM patients exhibited inadequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and poor practices regarding diabetes‐related eye complications and fundus examinations. Educational interventions should not only raise awareness but also incorporate behavioral‐change strategies to translate knowledge into practice and improve diabetes eye care management.