Functional Polymer Composites for Advanced Radiation Protection in Nuclear Facilities—A Review and Envisage by Patent Landscape

Nuclear radiation absorption, according to the data, shows that the United States and the PCT are at the forefront of patent activity regarding advanced polymer composites used for radiation shielding, although this trend is evident worldwide. To improve the shielding performance of polymer‐based composites, additive technologies have been developed to incorporate high‐density metal and functional fillers. Commonly added metals enhance the polymer matrix′s ability to attenuate gamma rays, x‐rays, neutrons, and electromagnetic interference (EMI), thereby improving overall shielding performance. Advanced materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and other appropriately sized fillers can be used to improve the shielding properties of composites made from common polymer matrices, such as HDPE, epoxy, and PLA, regardless of radiation energy or EMI frequency. Toxic and nontoxic substances are becoming more popular as part of the green movement. From 2019 to 2026, radiation absorption and shielding have shown increasing interest in patent trends, whereas nuclear shielding remains a niche. When it comes to smart shielding materials, the trend toward lightweight, versatile, and application‐specific options is expanding.