Toward Nanostructured Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Synergies, Applications, and Sustainability

Nanostructured conducting polymers (CPs) have emerged as promising materials due to their facile synthesis and remarkable mechanical, optical, and electrochemical properties, alongside superior environmental stability. This review provides an in‐depth analysis of prominent CPs, including polyaniline, polycarbazole, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) derivatives. The molecular structures, intrinsic properties, and synthesis methodologies are elaborated, emphasizing electrochemical and chemical polymerization techniques. Additionally, strategies to enhance polymer composite performance through blending CPs with inorganic materials, such as MXenes and carbon dots, are discussed, significantly improving cyclic stability, electrochemical performance, and mechanical durability. The incorporation of metallic and carbon‐based conductive fillers is analyzed, highlighting their critical role in overcoming intrinsic limitations related to conductivity and stability in CPs. Specifically, carbon‐based fillers enhance electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. Moreover, synergistic effects derived from conjugated molecules, doping/undoping agents, and CP‐based nanocomposites are thoroughly explored, addressing their potential limitations and practical applications. Finally, the implementation of these advanced CP materials in diverse technological fields, including supercapacitors, fuel cells, sensors, batteries, photodynamic therapy, and bioimaging, and their alignment with sustainable development goals are discussed.