A Survey of Toxocariasis Among Household and Stray Puppies in Gokarneshwor Municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal

Introduction Toxocariasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease affecting humans and domestic pets, leading to significant morbidity and, in severe cases, mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Toxocara canis among household and stray/free‐ranging puppies aged ≤ 6 months in Gokarneshwor Municipality, central Nepal. Methods It is a cross‐sectional study. From November 2024 to March 2025, a total of 105 ( N = 105) fresh fecal samples (household: 35; stray: 70) were collected noninvasively via purposive and opportunistic sampling methods, respectively. Each sample was inspected macroscopically for fecal consistency and dead adult worms and microscopically for the presence of T. canis eggs using direct wet mounts and flotation techniques. Results The overall prevalence of T. canis was 59%. The chi‐square ( χ 2 ) test revealed that the frequency of worm infection was significantly higher in stray puppies (68.6%) than in household puppies (40%) ( p < 0.05). Similarly, Fisher’s exact test (two‐sided) showed that females (34.3%) had a higher prevalence than males (24.8%), but this difference was not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). One household puppy that excreted a dead Toxocara adult was administered the prescribed dose of Pyrantel pamoate, which resulted in the expulsion of 10 adult worms. Conclusion This study found a high prevalence of T. canis, particularly among the free‐ranging puppies. Therefore, owing to the worm’s pathogenic effects and its ability to transit zoonoses, early screening and timely treatment for young canids are essential to safeguard both animal and public health.