Research Progress on the Stability and Degradation Mechanism of Cistanche deserticola Active Compounds During Different Maturity, Preservation, and Processing

Cistanche deserticola (CD) Y. C. Ma is a well‐known tonic medicinal material, and its clinical value and industrial development are highly dependent on the integrity of core pharmacodynamic components (such as phenylosides and polysaccharides). This article systematically reviews the impact of three key links: harvest maturity, postharvest preservation methods, and processing methods on the quality of CD and their internal relationships in order to provide a scientific basis for building a full‐chain quality control system. The maturity is the basis of quality formation. The early bud stage of CD is the double‐peak window of phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) and active polysaccharides, which is the best harvest point of first‐class medicinal materials. Storage and preservation methods are the key to maintaining chemical potential at harvest time. The combined use of low temperature, modified atmosphere, packaging, and preservatives can maintain stable quality. Processing methods are the ultimate directional shaper of quality. Modern processing methods such as steaming and drying processes can improve drying efficiency, enhance the conversion of active ingredients, and save energy. This study provides a theoretical basis and methodological reference for establishing an integrated collaborative control system for “harvest‐preservation‐processing” of CD, and has practical value for promoting the engineering transformation of postharvest scientific and technological achievements of CD and improving the overall efficiency of the medicine and food homologous industrial chain.