Biological and Photocatalytic Activities of Green‐Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles From Althaea officinalis Flowers

In this study, Althaea officinalis flower extract was used as a natural reducing, coating, and stabilizing agent to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via a green, sustainable, cost‐effective, and eco‐friendly method without toxic chemicals. The current research sought to create multifunctional AgNPs by a green synthesis method and to thoroughly assess their physicochemical attributes alongside their photocatalytic, antioxidant, and antibacterial capabilities. Phytochemicals in the extract enabled the reduction of Ag + ions and stabilization of nanoparticles. LC–MS/MS analysis showed that the flower extract has a phytochemical profile rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids; it was demonstrated that these compounds play an active role in the reduction of Ag + ions and the stabilization of the synthesized AgNPs. Key synthesis parameters were optimized to achieve controlled formation. Characterization by UV–Vis, ATR–FTIR, SEM, DLS, zeta potential, and XRD confirmed successful synthesis. A surface plasmon resonance peak at 431 nm was observed, while SEM analysis showed predominantly spherical nanoparticles with sizes of 30–45 nm. FTIR results indicated the role of bioactive compounds in reduction and stabilization, and XRD confirmed a face‐centered cubic crystalline structure. The produced AgNPs demonstrated a zeta potential of −30.9 mV, signifying substantial colloidal stability. The AgNPs exhibited sunlight‐driven photocatalytic activity, achieving 43.5 ± 1.7% and 94.6 ± 0.2% degradation of Coomassie Brilliant Blue R‐250 (anionic) and methylene blue (cationic) dyes, respectively, within 180 min. They also demonstrated significant antioxidant activity and notable antimicrobial effects against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, as well as a fungal strain. The integrated physicochemical and biological results indicate that A. officinalis flower extract serves as a potent biogenic source for the sustainable synthesis of functional AgNPs. These findings highlight that green‐synthesized AgNPs from A. officinalis possess multifunctional properties and hold promise for biomedical and environmental applications.