Synthesis Strategies and Multifaceted Applications of Molybdenum‐Based Nanomaterials: A Comprehensive Review

Molybdenum‐containing nanomaterials, and molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) in particular, have attracted widespread interest due to their complex crystal structures, powerful redox activity, and universal applicability in emerging technologies. This review summarizes recent progress in MoO 3 ‐based material designs, fabrication, and applications. Discussion begins with MoO 3 structure, followed by conventional and unconventional fabrication techniques, including chemical vapor deposition, solvothermal and electrochemical syntheses, and green syntheses. A few leading characterization techniques are introduced with the aim of relating structure to functional performance. The applications of MoO 3 are subsequently critically discussed, covering catalysis and photocatalysis, battery and capacitor storage, electrochromic devices, sensing devices, and biomedical applications. Invariable comparison of such applications with other materials based on established criteria is always addressed with the aim of identifying benefits and shortcomings. Challenges such as long‐term stability, high‐volume fabrication, and interface control are introduced, accompanied by perspectives on future work directions. Overall, this work provides an updated summary of MoO 3 nanomaterials and their increasing applicability in the areas of energy, environments, and biomedical systems.