Abstract PS3-08-12: Machine Learning Prediction of High Oncotype DX® RS based on Clinicopathologic features: Results from the GBECAM 0520 Multicenter Retrospective Study

Abstract Background: The 21-gene Oncotype DX® assay is a validated prognostic and predictive tool for assessing chemotherapy (CT) benefit in patients with estrogen receptor–positive (ER+), HER2-negative (HER2–) early-stage breast cancer. It has demonstrated clinical utility in node-negative (N0) patients and postmenopausal patients with N1 disease. However, financial cost associated with the test may significantly limit its accessibility to patients. The present study evaluates whether machine learning models based on routinely available clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical data could accurately predict high likelihood of a Recurrence Scores greater than 25, possibly providing support for clinical decision-making. Methods: We retrospectively assembled a cohort of 897 patients diagnosed with ER+ breast cancer (BC) diagnosed between 2005–2024 at seven cancer centers. All patients had Oncotype DX® results and a complete pathology report. Of these, 158 (18%) had RS > 25. Statistical analysis identified Ki-67 (%), progesterone receptor (PR) status, and histologic grade as the most predictive variables. These were included in a ridge regression model to estimate continuous RS values (Table 1). Discriminative performance for RS > 25 was measured by AUC. To test robustness, we performed leave-one-center-out cross-validation: training on six centers and testing on the seventh. Performance was averaged across folds. Results: Among the 897 patients included, 708 (78.9%) had N0 disease, 62 (6.9%) N1mic, and 118 (13.2%) N1 disease. Of note, nodal information was unavailable for 9 patients (1.0%). The median age was 54 years (range, 24–83). Oncotype DX® testing indicated low (25) genomic risk in 165 (18.4%), 574 (64.0%), and 158 (17.6%) of patients, respectively. The model achieved a mean Pearson correlation of 0.50 ± 0.03 between predicted and actual RS, and an AUC of 0.78 ± 0.03 for detecting high-risk (RS ≥ 25) tumors. AUC stratified by menopausal status showed no significant difference (p = 0.858), indicating similar performance across groups. After min–max scaling, Ki-67 was the strongest positive predictor, followed by histologic grade conversely, PR status was inversely correlated with RS. These findings are consistent with established tumor biology and previous studies, in which a high proliferative index, poor histologic differentiation, and low immunohistochemistry PR expression are features associated with more aggressive tumor characteristics. Conclusion: A simple machine learning model using only Ki-67, histologic grade, and PR status moderately predicts the Oncotype DX® score and accurately identifies high-risk cases. In resource-limited settings, this approach could support clinical decision-making. Prospective validations are needed to confirm its clinical utility.Table 1: Significant variables according to Recurrence Score (RS) categories (RS ≤ 25 and RS > 25). Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for the continuous variable (Ki-67) and as number (percentage) for all categorical variables. Citation Format: J araujo, D araujo, L. Oliveira, P. de Souza, D. Rosa, A. Katz, D. Suzuki, D. Argolo, S. Sanches, L. Testa, J. Bines, R. Kaliks, R. Sousa, T. Corrêa, A. Shimada, C. dos Anjos, R. Linck, T. Megid, D. Batista, D. Gomes, M. Cesca, D. Gaudêncio, L. Moura, R. Bonadio, Z. Souza, J. Beal, M. Lopes, L. Sales, J. Marlière, M. Mano, D. Gagliato. Machine Learning Prediction of High Oncotype DX® RS based on Clinicopathologic features: Results from the GBECAM 0520 Multicenter Retrospective Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2025; 2025 Dec 9-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2026;32(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS3-08-12.