Global Burden of Ischemic Stroke Attributable to High Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption from 1990 to 2021 and Projections to 2045

BACKGROUND: This study aims to quantify the global, regional, and national burden of ischemic stroke attributable to high sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (IS-HSSBC), analyze temporal trends, and provide evidence to support public health policy development. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study (2021), covering 204 countries and territories. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used as a comprehensive measure of disease burden. Decomposition analysis, cross-country inequality analysis, and predictive modeling were employed to identify sources of burden changes, evaluate disparities between countries, and forecast future trends. RESULTS: In 2021, the global number of DALYs due to IS-HSSBC reached 144,643.88, and deaths totaled 6,792.78, representing increases of 85% and 65% compared to 1990, respectively. High-middle SDI regions bore the highest burden but showed a slowing growth trend; in contrast, middle SDI regions experienced rapid growth. The highest number of DALYs occurred in the 70-74 age-group, while the highest age-standardized DALY rate and age-standardized mortality rate were observed in the 95+ age-group. Cross-country inequality analysis revealed a slight increase in absolute inequality and a marked reduction in relative inequality. Predictive analysis suggests that by 2045, DALYs and deaths due to IS-HSSBC will increase significantly, with higher case numbers in females than males. CONCLUSION: The impact of HSSBC on IS varies significantly across regions and countries, with middle-aged men and elderly women bearing a higher disease burden.