Two-Year Treatment Outcomes of Simultaneous Intravitreal Dexamethasone and Aflibercept on Diabetic Macular Edema

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to report 2-year follow-up data on patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with simultaneous intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) and aflibercept. METHODS: Multicenter, retrospective analysis of eyes with DME treated with simultaneous DEX implant and aflibercept injection. Main outcome measures were changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) from baseline to 24 months. The secondary endpoint was the interval of retreatment. RESULTS: Two-year data were available for 52 of the 76 initially included eyes. Compared to baseline, significant improvements in mean BCVA and CRT were observed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. An average of 3.26 ± 1.70 intravitreal treatments was required, with a mean retreatment interval of 10.21 ± 6.35 months throughout the study period. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous intravitreal DEX and aflibercept treatment resulted in sustained improvements in both visual and anatomical outcomes over a 24-month period. This combination therapy represents a valid treatment strategy and demonstrates synergistic efficacy in the management of DME.