Clinical Profile and Outcome of C3-Dominant Glomerulonephritis: Retrospective Study

BACKGROUND: Complement 3 (C3)-dominant glomerulonephritis (GN) are rare diseases resulting from alternative complement pathway dysregulation; they include C3 glomerulopathy (C3G), paraprotein-associated GN, and C3-dominant infection-related GN (IRGN). To our knowledge, long-term follow-up studies of clinical profile and outcomes of this rare disorder are sparse. We studied kidney histopathology baseline findings, outcomes, treatment, and its complications of C3-dominant GN in our setting. OBJECTIVES: We studied the clinical, pathological profiles, and outcomes of patients with C3-dominant GN. METHODS: This study was a single centre, retrospective, case record based observational study at a tertiary care hospital in Southern India. Consecutive patients of C3-dominant GN on kidney biopsy from 2013 to 2023 were included. Demography, laboratory and histopathological data, treatment and outcomes were studied. RESULTS: Of 2,175 kidney biopsies, 141 (6.48%) showed C3-dominant GN; 74 (52.5%) C3G, 67 (47.5%) IRGN. Median age was 43 years (IQR 29-59.5), males 90 (63.8%). Preceding skin/throat infections were seen in 32/141 (22.7%). At presentation, median serum creatinine was 1.7 mg/dL (IQR: 1.2-3.6), eGFR