Role of Specific miRNA Expression and Nuclear Kappa B Gene Polymorphism as Potential Diagnostic Markers for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Objective: This study assesses microRNA-21 (miR-21) and microRNA-302 (miR-302) levels and examines their association with a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, aiming to identify these miRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers. The findings could contribute to improved diagnostic and treatment approaches. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This study involved 65 patients with CML at Al-Basheer Hospital, Amman, Jordan, and 30 healthy controls. Hematological parameters were analyzed via complete blood count. Gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR to analyze miRNA and NF-KB SNPs in patients' plasma. RESULTS: A highly significant difference (p < 0.0001) was observed, indicating that miR-21 expression was higher in CML patients compared to the controls. miR-302 levels were lower in CML patients. The NF-κB Del/Del genotype was associated with a higher white blood cell count compared to the Ins/Ins and Ins/Del genotypes. Platelet counts varied among the CML patients with three polymorphisms. CONCLUSION: miR-21 is elevated in CML patients, suggesting an oncogenic role. Our results suggest that miR-302 may serve as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker. The NF-κB1 gene rs28362491 Del/Del genotype may be associated with an increased risk of CML. Identification of these biomarkers can contribute significantly to improve both diagnosis and treatment strategies. .