Optimal battery selection for electric vehicles: a comparative ranking approach

Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional internal combustion engines, with battery technology playing a pivotal role in their success. Key factors like energy density, power output, charging speed, durability, cost, safety, and environmental impact hinge on the choice of battery. Various technologies in lithium-ion batteries are assessed for their suitability in EVs. The right battery is essential for optimal performance, extended range, and sustainability. This paper offers an in-depth look at battery selection in EVs, examining different types in lithium-ion and their pros and cons. Additionally, it explores into three prominent decision-making methods: fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS), and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation-II (PROMETHEE II). FAHP ranks batteries based on their relevance to specific EV requirements, while EDAS and PROMETHEE II provide a multi-criteria framework. These methods offer valuable insights into choosing the most suitable lithium-ion battery for EVs. The study underscores the importance of meticulous battery selection and highlights the efficacy of decision-making approaches like FAHP, EDAS, and PROMETHEE II. As battery tech advances, future research on alternatives like solid-state and sodium-ion batteries could revolutionize the EV industry.