Diallel Analysis and Heterosis of Yield and Yield Components in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Groundnuts are an important agricultural commodity and a preferred raw material for the food industry. This study aimed to generate information on the extent of heterosis over the best parent and mid-parent in groundnut for yield traits and components. The research was conducted at the Research Farm of PT. Garudafood Putra Putri Jaya Tbk., located in Pati, Central Java, from January to December 2022. Five selected parents (Garuda Biga, Litbang Garuda 5, LSU, LSB, CBT) were used as breeding materials. This study was conducted according to Griffing I method with a complete diallel (parents, F1, and F1R) and model 1 (fixed effect). These parents, F1 and F1 reciprocal, were grown in a randomized block design with three replications. The heterosis mid parents (MP) value is significant in the characters number of mature pod, number pods per plant, weight mature pod, and weight per immature pod plants in combination crosses P4 x P5, P5 x P4, whereas for combination the crosses P1 x P3 and P3 x P1 have heterobeltiosis value such as hetorosis best parents (BP) is numbers pod seed three and percentage seed three. The best cross-breeding combination for pod characters is hoped to become a candidate genotype that can be used to increase productivity and meet the needs of the peanut processing industry.