Polio eradication in Africa: hard-won gains, prevailing challenges and what comes next

Polio eradication in Africa reached a significant milestone with the 2020 certification of the continent as wild poliovirus-free. However, the emergence of variant polioviruses continues to threaten progress, with 36 of 47 African countries reporting poliovirus detections since certification. This article discusses the ongoing challenges and strategic shifts required to eradicate all forms of poliovirus. This essay also discusses key breakthroughs in immunization strategies, such as the introduction of the novel oral polio vaccine and innovative tools like mobile money for frontline worker payments have advanced the eradication efforts. The path to full eradication remains complex, with a focus now on integrating polio efforts into broader health systems, addressing gaps in routine immunization and securing sustained funding.