Evaluation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Implant- Supported Crowns Produced from Different 3D-Printed Permanent Resin Materials: An In Vitro Comparative Study

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the mechanical and surface properties of hybrid ceramic materials fabricated using different techniques for fixed dental restorations and to evaluate the clinical relevance of digital manufacturing. Five permanent hybrid resin materials produced via 3D printing and one hybrid ceramic fabricated by milling were assessed in terms of fracture resistance, surface roughness, and microhardness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six groups were formed: five 3D-printed resins and one milled ceramic. For each group, 20 molar-shaped crowns were fabricated and divided into pre-aging and post-aging subgroups for fracture resistance testing. Additionally, 120 disk-shaped specimens were prepared. Crowns were cemented using resin cement under finger pressure and tested with universal testing machine. Surface roughness was measured with a profilometer, and microhardness was assessed using Vickers hardness tester. All specimens underwent thermal aging before retesting. Data were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS: Significant differences in fracture resistance were found among groups (p