What Exactly Is Cardiometabolic HFpEF: A Phenotype or an Endotype?
Abstract
adiposity ◼ heart failure ◼ myocardium ◼ nutrients ◼ stroke volume W hen heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was first described as a syndrome in the 1980s, it was envisioned as a hypertrophic disorder caused by uncontrolled hypertension.However, coincident with the global epidemic of obesity, we have witnessed a global epidemic of HFpEF.Currently, among patients in clinical trials of HFpEF, ≈50% to 60% have a body mass index ≥30 kg/m 2 , and >90% have central obesity, as reflected by a waist-to-height ratio of ≥0.5. 1 These estimates are impressive, since many large-scale trials specifically excluded patients with a body mass index >45 to 50 kg/m 2 .
Fields of Study & Subjects
Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Congenital heart defects research
Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Circulation Heart Failure
- Publisher
- Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e014031–e014031
- Publication date
- 23 January 2026
- Language
- EN