From Single Cells to Targetable Immune Mechanisms in Congenital Heart Disease, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Cardiovascular diseases represent a leading cause of mortality across the world. Despite success in managing cardiovascular risk factors, ischemic heart disease, and chronic heart failure, there remains ample opportunity to identify additional mechanisms of disease and therapeutic approaches. Growing insights into the temporal-spatial dynamics of immune responses across cardiovascular diseases have fueled the emergence of cardioimmunology as a promising field for interdisciplinary and translational research. The advent of high-throughput, single-cell multiomics has allowed for unprecedented advances in our understanding of cardiovascular immunology, among major causes of mortality, including myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and congenital heart disease. In this review, we will highlight specific immune cells and targetable effector mechanisms by which they influence cardiovascular disorders with a focus on congenital heart diseases, myocardial infarction, and abdominal aortic aneurysm.