Crimes Against Sexual Integrity of Minors: Criminal-Legal and Penitentiary Aspects

Abstract The aim of the study was to examine the criminal-legal aspects of offences against the sexual integrity of minors in Central Asian countries, and to assess the effectiveness of law enforcement and penitentiary programmes. The paper considers key types of offences such as rape, violent sexual acts, and involvement in prostitution and pornography. Differences in criminal law approaches to the punishment of such crimes in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan were analysed. The study revealed significant diversity in legislation across the region, which may result in legal gaps—particularly in addressing digital crimes such as the distribution of child pornography. The study also revealed significant issues in the region’s penitentiary systems. The practical significance of this research lies in the recommendations for improving criminal justice policy, enhancing justice and rehabilitation systems, and developing new approaches to combating crimes against minors.