Taxonomic revision of Goodyerinae (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae) from Brazil

Goodyerinae (Orchidaceae) is subordinated to Orchidoideae, tribe Cranichideae, and is distributed in the New and Old World’s tropical and subtropical zones. In the Neotropical region, the subtribe is represented by the genus Microchilus, with approximately 250 species. It is recognised by its distinct habit, with a developed stem consisting of a basal root portion and a foliated distal portion. Additionally, the labellum is subdivided into epichile, mesochile, and hypochile, with the hypochile being calcariform. This study presents a taxonomic treatment of the Goodyerinae subtribe in Brazil, where 33 native species were recorded. During the taxonomic study and verification of types and protologues, it was possible to re-establish three names previously considered synonyms, as well as propose two new synonyms, in addition to presenting two new geographic distribution records for Brazil, and 16 new state records. A nomenclatural review of the species included in the study was carried out, where 19 lectotypes, eight neotypes, and three epitypes were proposed. Among the endemic species (global assessment), six species are classified as Least Concern (LC), two as Endangered (EN) and three as Critically Endangered (CR). An identification key, descriptions, taxonomic and ecological comments, geographic distribution, illustrations, and photographs of the species studied are provided.