Relationships and description of a new genus of psammophilic catfish from northeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Relationships of trichomycterid catfishes of the clade comprising Glanapteryginae and Sarcoglanidinae are still insufficiently known. We performed a multigene phylogeny, 3,252 bp, constituting the richest taxon sample of the Glanapteryginae-Sarcoglanidinae lineage in phylogenetic studies until now. It supported Ammoglanis multidentatus as sister to a clade comprising all other taxa of the Glanapteryginae-Sarcoglanidinae lineage, justifying the description of a new genus, diagnosed by the unique morphology of the sesamoid supraorbital, anteroventral process of the opercle, vomer and parurohyal, besides being distinguished from other glanapterygines by having 15 or 16 opercular odontodes and the anal-fin base posterior to the dorsal-fin base. Ammoglanis is supported as a monotypic genus, sister to Stauroglanis. Hyaloglanis and Salpynx were supported as sister taxa but do not form a monophyletic group with the Glanapteryginae as recently proposed, whereas Sarcoglanis is recovered as sister to the Glanapteryginae.