1. Science in poly-crisis

Chapter 1 explores the replication crisis and its far-reaching consequences across scientific fields. Landmark projects such as the Reproducibility Project: Psychology have revealed that many published findings fail to replicate, and similar patterns have been observed in, among others, biomedicine, economics, engineering and physics. These findings have raised serious concerns about the credibility of science and uncovered systemic flaws in the way research is organized and assessed. But replication failures are only one part of a broader picture. Many disciplines also face methodological issues, poor generalizability and applicability, and a lack of integrative theory building. These interlocking problems constitute a poly-crisis: a complex web of challenges that collectively threaten the reliability and progress of scientific inquiry.