Research into Predictive Factors for the Success or Failure of Radioiodine Therapy in the Treatment of Hyperthyroidism in Senegal

Radioiodine therapy, a treatment method for hyperthyroidism, has been practiced in Senegal since 2016. The objective of our study was to identify predictive factors for the success or failure of radioiodine therapy in the management of hyperthyroidism in Senegal. A retrospective study was initiated in the nuclear medicine department of the Idrissa Pouye Hospital in Grand Yoff. It included the medical records of 172 patients followed for hyperthyroidism and treated with iodine-131. Demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic aspects, as well as the evaluation of thyroid function at 3 and 6 months post-radioiodine therapy, were studied. The therapeutic efficacy at 3 months was 44.1%. Among the 17 patients who failed treatment, 12 were under 50 years of age. No statistically significant relationship was found between treatment failure and age (p = 0.877. However, the difference was statistically significant between men and women in terms of treatment failure (p=0.043). Vascular goiter, etiology, initial antithyroid drug use, and a short interval between antithyroid drugs (ATDs) discontinuation were factors contributing to treatment failure. A strong correlation existed between therapeutic efficacy and the administered dose (p=0.000). The 6-month success rate was 62.4%. The final therapeutic efficacy was 73.75%. Radioiodine therapy is an effective treatment for hyperthyroidism, achieving a high remission rate.