The Impact of Human Encroachment in the Habitat of Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibious) in Mbam et Djerem National Park, Cameroon

This study explores the relationship between vegetation quality and human encroachment in the habitat of the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) at Mbam et Djerem National Park, Cameroon. As a critical habitat for diverse flora and fauna, the park faces increasing pressure from human activities, including agriculture, logging, and settlement expansion. Our research aim was to assess how these activities impact vegetation quality and subsequently affect hippopotamus populations. Research data collection was based on categorizing various methods of human encroachment. Our findings indicate that regions experiencing high levels of encroachment exhibited significant declines in vegetation quality, which may limit the availability of food sources for hippopotamuses. Additionally, we conducted interviews with local communities to understand their perceptions of wildlife and land use. The results reveal a complex interplay between conservation efforts and the socioeconomic needs of local populations. The vegetation quality revealed a significant association on photo-period X2 = 19.917 df=4 P=0.001, animals habitat X2 = 21.138 df=4 P=0.000, River-water quality X2 = 10.687 df=4 P=0.03, and animal behavior X2 = 19.912 df=4 P=0.001 respectively. Additionally, human encroachment into the animals habitat recorded a significant link on food resources r=0.195 P