Consumption Patterns of Early Millet (Naara) Amongst Zuarungu Households in the Upper East Region of Ghana

This study investigates household consumption patterns of Early Millet (locally known as Naara) in Zuarungu, located in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Early Millet is a highly nutritious and climate-resilient cereal crop rich in essential minerals, dietary fiber, and antioxidants. Despite these nutritional and agronomic benefits, its consumption has declined due to barriers such as limited affordability, inadequate access to processed forms, and negative perceptions of the crop as a “poor man’s food.” To examine the factors influencing consumption, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 households, guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Data were collected on household demographics, attitudes toward Early Millet, perceived social influences, preparation practices, and consumption frequency. The results reveal notable generational differences, with older adults demonstrating stronger cultural attachment and higher consumption rates, while younger individuals showed lower preference and limited knowledge of preparation methods. The study also identifies variations in the forms of Early Millet consumed, the availability of value-added products, and the influence of income levels on purchasing decisions. Overall, the findings highlight both the nutritional potential and sociocultural significance of Early Millet in promoting food security and dietary diversity. The study underscores the need for public education, product innovation, and policy support to increase its appeal and accessibility. Enhancing awareness and improving market linkages could help integrate Early Millet into modern diets, thereby contributing to efforts aimed at reducing malnutrition, supporting sustainable agriculture, and preserving indigenous food heritage in Ghana.