Physicochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Honey Samples from Karnali Province, Nepal

Honey is a widely recognized natural product valued for its nutritional, medicinal, and therapeutic properties. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of honey samples collected from diverse geographical regions. Key quality parameters—including pH, moisture content, electrical conductivity, total sugar profile, free acidity, and antioxidant activity—were analyzed using advanced analytical techniques such as spectrophotometry and chromatography. The results revealed significant variations in honey composition linked to floral origin, climatic conditions, and environmental factors. Higher antioxidant activity and phenolic content were observed in darker honey types, indicating stronger bioactive potential. Correlation analysis demonstrated clear relationships between physicochemical properties and botanical sources, highlighting their importance in honey authentication and regional differentiation. The study contributes to improving quality assurance frameworks, detecting adulteration, and promoting sustainable apiculture practices. Ultimately, these findings enhance consumer trust and support informed decision-making in the global honey trade.