For Love or Need: Exploring Gun Owners’ Motivations Behind Firearm Ownership in the United States

Firearm ownership in the United States represents a significant and controversial social issue, shaped by historical, cultural, psychological, and socio-political factors. While previous studies have frequently emphasized self-defense as the primary motivation for gun ownership, recent evidence suggests that motivations for firearm possession extend beyond fear and protective necessity. Using a nationally representative sample, this study examines the factors that influence individuals’ propensity to own guns, whether due to perceived necessity or emotional attachment. Using a multivariate analytical framework, results indicate that gun ownership motivations are shaped by a complex interplay of personal experiences, social identity, environmental perceptions, and structural inequalities. These findings offer valuable insights for addressing gun-related harm in ways that do not alienate lawful gun owners.