Paul the Jew and the missio Dei : Rethinking culture, mission, and ecclesiology

This paper explores the theological significance of human difference—particularly cultural, ethnic, and covenantal distinctions—within the mission of God. Through a close engagement with the “Paul within Judaism” perspective, the study situates Paul’s missional ecclesiology within his Jewish apocalyptic and covenantal framework, challenging universalizing models of mission that tend to flatten or erase difference. Instead, it argues that Paul envisions a reconfiguration of difference within a Spirit-formed, intercultural communion centered on Israel’s Messiah. Drawing on Jewish prophetic and apocalyptic traditions, Paul’s vision resists imperial ideologies of hierarchy and sameness, presenting instead a participatory, eschatological community of mutual belonging. The Lord’s Supper functions as a ritual of covenantal solidarity that both anticipates and enacts this new humanity. The conclusion offers implications for ecclesial identity, Jewish-Christian dialogue, and mission practice today.