Multidimensional Factors Associated With Social Isolation Trajectories Among Older Chinese Immigrants

Social isolation is prevalent among older immigrants, yet the multidimensional factors contributing to it remain understudied. Using data from five waves of the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago ( N = 2,835), this study identified social isolation change trajectory patterns over eight years and examined contributing factors across ecological systems. Social isolation was measured by the social disconnectedness index. The multidimensional factors included socio-demographic and health conditions, interpersonal relationships, immigration experiences, and neighborhood characteristics. Latent class growth analysis identified four distinct change trajectories, including “Persistent Low”, “Persistent Medium”, “Persistent High”, and “Increasing” isolation. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that older age, being female, lower social support and social strain, longer U.S. residence, and neighborhood physical disorder predicted greater social isolation. Stronger sense of community and social cohesion unexpectedly heightened the likelihood of “Persistent High” isolation. Findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive and multidimensional interventions to address social isolation among older immigrants.