Spatial Strategies of Vehicle-to-Grid Technology Application Promotion: An Empirical Analysis from 337 Cities in China

Research and practice in many countries have proved that the application of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology not only reduces the load on the power grid but also effectively promotes the decarbonization of road transportation. This study evaluates the potential for V2G technology deployment in 337 cities across China, focusing on the number of potential users, the development of electric vehicles, and the regional economic level. The results indicate that potential consumers of V2G technology have noticeable characteristics in relation to age, education, and occupation. Currently, approximately 27% of the cities, including major hubs such as Tianjin, Hangzhou, and Guiyang, are strong candidates for immediate V2G implementation. Another 63% of cities have met many of the required conditions and could be suitable for gradual promotion. Only 10% of cities lack the necessary foundation for adoption. The analysis also identifies key factors influencing V2G readiness, including urbanization rate, road area, and carbon emissions, with coastal cities, urban agglomerations, and provincial capitals showing the highest potential. The findings of this study not only precisely allocate construction resources for the application and promotion of V2G technology but also provide spatial strategy references for the application of V2G technology in different regions.