Experience of Primiparous Mothers on Exclusive Breastfeeding in Oman

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is widely recognized as the optimal source of nutrition for infants, providing complete nourishment while supporting growth, cognitive development, and immune protection. RESEARCH AIM: This study investigated the experiences of primiparous Omani mothers who practiced EBF to understand the challenges and support needs influencing their practices. METHOD: A qualitative grounded theory approach was used. A total of 35 primiparous mothers were recruited from postnatal clinics through purposive and theoretical sampling. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the constant comparative method. RESULTS: Three categories emerged-anticipating breastfeeding, navigating support systems, and encountering challenges-which led to the development of the grounded "Shifting Away from Expectations. Mothers began with optimism, viewing breastfeeding as natural and manageable. However, difficulties with positioning, pain, perceived low milk supply, inconsistent professional support, and limited family assistance beyond 6 weeks contributed to early discontinuation. All participants ceased EBF before 4 months postpartum. CONCLUSION: First-time mothers' expectations of breastfeeding as instinctive were challenged by unanticipated barriers and insufficient support. Findings highlight the need for culturally tailored education, consistent professional involvement, and extended family and workplace support to help women sustain EBF for the recommended 6 months.